Hardware supports virtualization – it's an i5 and I ran coreinfo to confirm that SLAT is available.Per Hyper-V Service Manager, the service is started, and I've eliminated the three potential causes provided in the details of the above error dialog box, namely:
Under Bootcamp, an attempt to start a VM in Hyper-V Manager results in the error message that the VM 'could not be started because the hypervisor is not running.' I am running Mavericks on a late 2013 model MacBook Pro 13' Retina (Intel i5 chip) and have installed Windows 8.1 into a bootcamp partition.